[The sociology of health and of disease: new challenges].
نویسنده
چکیده
Ao comemorar trinta anos de atividades ininterruptas, a revista Sociology of Health and Illness publicou dois artigos que, embora se refiram aos Estados Unidos e Reino Unido, apresentam importantes reflexões sobre o campo da sociologia da saúde que não se limitam aos países de língua inglesa. Ambos abordam os desafios atuais tanto para orientar os futuros passos da área como para evidenciar a situação do campo em termos de suas principais publicações. No primeiro artigo, “Towards a sociology of disease”, os autores defendem a constituição de uma sociologia da saúde, da enfermidade (illness) e da doença (disease). Retomam, no início do trabalho, as origens da sociologia médica com Parsons e seu emblemático estudo sobre a relação médico/paciente e sobre a enfermidade concebida como uma forma de desvio social e funcional para o indivíduo e a sociedade. Lembram os autores que Parsons, “contrastando com a exagerada visão de que a medicina fosse mero assunto biológico”, distinguiu “uma clara dimensão social ou psicossocial que permeia cada aspecto da manutenção da saúde e está aberta para a análise social”. Ressaltam que, apesar de ter lutado contra o reducionismo psicológico e biológico, Parsons considerou “um lugar para traduzir a patologia biológica em processo ‘psicogênico’”. Timmermans e Haas mostram que, embora criticado pelo caráter funcionalista de suas observações, “ele estabeleceu o nicho conceitual dos aspectos sociais da medicina e da saúde” (p.660). Situam, com propriedade, que desde os anos 50 havia era nítida a ideia de que, para a construção do campo da sociologia médica, havia necessidade de “minimizar o mundo da fisologia e da patologia”. Registram que nos primeiros livros-textos de sociologia médica, como o de Freeman, Levine e Reeder (1950), os autores tomam posição contra a sociologia médica vista como disciplina aplicada, “especialmente uma ciência social subserviente à clínica médica”. Os autores apontam que, com o passar do tempo, a sociologia médica transformou-se em sociologia da saúde e da doença, momento em que os cientistas sociais “consideraram a medicina demasiadamente restritiva como indicador do interesse sociológico no campo Timmermans, Stefan; Haas, Steven. Towards a sociology of disease. Sociology of Health and Illness, Henley on Thames, vol.30, no.5, 2008, p.659-676.
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Historia, ciencias, saude--Manguinhos
دوره 16 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2009